Specification of the Patent granted to JOHN WILLIAMS, of Cornhill, in the City of London, Stationer; for a Method of preserving the Equilibrium, and preventing all Kinds of Carriages and Vehicles overturning.

Dated December 19, 1807.

To all to whom these presents shall come, &c.

NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I the said John Williams do hereby declare that the nature of my said invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described and ascertained as follows; that is to say: Instead of putting, each pair of the wheels of the carriage upon one and the same inflexible axis or framing, having extreme parts answering the purposes of an inflexible axis as is usually done, whereby the said wheels in each pair are made to, preserve an unalterable position with regard to each other; I do substitute in the place of each of the said inflexible axis or parts answering the purpose of the same, a pair of levers proceeding or projecting horizon-. tally on each side, in opposite directions from the same part of the perch or middle bar, or framing made use of to connect the wheels of and belonging to the said carriage, and at right angles to the line of traction; and I do join or connect each of the said levers to or with the said perch or middle bar or framing made use of to connect the said wheels, by means of an hinge or any other strong or well-made joint of the nature of an hinge, so fixed and applied, that each of the said levers shall be allowed to move in a vertical circle, or up and down, but not at all sideways; and upon the extremities of the said levers, which are formed into pivots or points of the VOL. XII.-SECOND SERIES.

Y y

axle

axle of the usual materials, I do put and secure my wheels. And further, I do support the body of the car riage upon springs of any fit and suitable figure, by causing the said springs to bear or act upon the said levers, to which I do in some constructions affix the same; and in other constructions I do cause the said springs to act or play with one end not fastened or fixed, and in this last case I do connect the said body with the framing beneath, by means of an upright bolt or pin, which leaves room for play or motion of the body up and down; to a greater or less degree as may be required, and of which play or motion the quantity may at pleasure be regulated, by an adjustment of the length of the said bolt or pin. I do also apply other springs to support the fore and hind parts of the said body, by causing the said springs to bear upon the perch or middle bar, or framing of the said carriage; but in four-wheel carriages the said back and front springs are not required, but may be used if preferable. And I do further declare, that the effect of the said levers and the interposed springs as hereinbefore described is, that whenever an obstacle or cavity shall present itself, or be met with in the road, to or by any one of the said wheels, the said wheel will rise over or be depressed into the same, without producing the same disturbance in the equilibrium, or endangering the oversetting of the carriage, in the same degree as would happen in like circumstances to carriages constructed without the use and application of my said invention.

In witness whereof, &c.

Specification

Specification of the Patent granted to JOHN WILKINSON, of Bradley Iron-works, in the Liberty of Bilston, in the County of Stafford, Esquire, for a new Method of making Pig or Cast Metal from the Ore, which, then manufactured into Bar-Iron, will be found equal in Quality to any that is imported from Russia or Sweden.

Dated January 23, 1808,

To all to whom these presents shall come, &c, Now KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I the said John Wilkinson do by this present instrument in writing, under my hand and seal, describe, ascertain, specify, and declare my said invention to consist in mak ing use of manganese, or ores containing maganese, in addition to iron-stone and other materials now used in making iron; and in certain proportions to be varied by the nature of such iron-stone and other materials,

In witness whereof, &c.

OBSERVATIONS BY THE PATENTEE,

The inventor is prevented from adding any material remarks," or "account of experiments," as from the nature of the invention, and the terms of the specification, it is obvious that the proportions of the materials must be entirely governed by the experience of the peculiar nature and quality of the common ores usually employed, and of which scarcely any two are exactly alike; and the proprietor of any iron-work desirous of practising the method of the patent, will have to vary the proportions accordingly, until he finds the result answer his wishes. The metal made by Mr. Wilkinson, as described in the patent, produces iron not inferior to the best Swedish jron, whether for the purposes of making steel or otherwise; and he feels convinced that the discovery will bẹ of great national advantage.

Spe

Specification of the Patent granted to HENRY CHARLES CHRISTIAN NEWMAN, of the Island of Saint Christopher, in the West Indies, Clerk; for his Invention of a Cattle Mill for expressing the Juice of the Sugar Cane. Dated March 7, 1807.

With a Plate.

To all to whom these presents shall come, &c.

NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I the said Henry Charles Christian Newman do hereby declare that the nature of my said invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly set forth and ascertained in the following plans and descriptions; that is to say: Fig. 1. (Plate XII.) A A A represents a ring or circle of hard wood, stone, or cast-iron, either raised on arches or otherwise, or sunk below the surface of the ground, and commonly called in the West-Indies a pit--mill, which is to be in the centre of the aforesaid ring or circle. B B represents a cog-wheel on the spindle of the mill; C represents a socket on the top of the spindle, and precisely in the centre of it; D, Fig. 2, represents a gudgeon let down into the socket and turning on a pivot and steel plate at the bottom of it; E represents a horizontal shaft or lever firmly fixed as an axle in a heavy wheel F; this lever passes through an eye or ring in the gudgeon D, to the farther extremity of the cóg-wheel B B, over which is the lantern-wheel or pinion G, also firmly fixed on this end of the lever. H represents a pole, on each side of which one or more horses are harnessed, which pole has a collar in which the lever turns; and thus, by this new construction, position, combination, and con

nection