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append the Spectator's note, with which we hold in part, but from which we disincline in substance :

"[We entirely agree with our correspondent. If the Crystal Palace has proved less attractive than was expected, it is an Irish way of mending matters still further to lessen its attractiveness by removing one of the present sources of enjoyment: for it is because music is too attractive, it seems, that the Directors think of suppressing or spoiling it. It is true that visitors, once there, will be glad to attend more to other objects when they have no longer any music worth hearing to listen to; but do the Directors consider how many people, in that case, will stay away altogether? The Crystal Palace ought to be a temple of art (as well as industry) in the largest sense of the word; and these gentlemen are probably not aware of the rank which the art of music now holds in England. For our part, we think that music as an art is not sufficiently represented at the Crystal Palace. The band is large and expensive, but not of the highest quality, as was shown when it came in competition with the French band of the Guides; and it is, moreover, a wind-band only, by which the orchestral works of the great masters cannot be performed. Its highest effort, therefore, is a favourite overture; and it deals principally with popular operatic arrangements, marches, and dances-music, in short, below the stan dard of Jullien's Promenade Concerts. The Crystal Palace ought to have a regular orchestra, with the usual complement of string and wind instruments, placed in a position acoustically constructed for its reception, and capable of performing the masterpieces of Mozart, Beethoven, Spohr, and Mendelssohn. We would not, of course, throw aside music of a lighter sort, but would combine the two kinds, as Jullien has done with such remarkable success; and the Crystal Palace would accomplish, in respect to music, its purpose of refining and exalting the artistic taste of the public.—ED.]”

THE GLOBE.-The Queen, accompanied by the Duke of Cambridge, visited the Globe in Leicester-square on Tuesday, and was greatly interested in the Model of Sebastopol and the positions of the allied armies.

MADAME ANICHINI gave a soirée musicale last week, at the residence of Mrs. Michie Forbes, in Portland-place. The fair bénéficiaire was in excellent voice, and, as usual, was received by her aristocratic audience with the highest favour, singing a variety of pieces with eminent ability. Madame Anichini was assisted by Madame F. Lablache, Miss Alleyne, and Signor Ciabatta. Signor Vera and Mr. Benedict presided at the pianoforte. Among the audience were the Rajah of Koorg and the Nabob of Surat, in gorgeous Indian costume, resplendent with diamonds and other stones, too precious to enumerate. MR. W. VINCENT WALLACE, the composer, is coming_to London in the course of next month. He is at present in New

York.

ROYAL GALLERY OF ILLUSTRATION.-Following up the events of the war, Messrs. Grieve and Telbin have just added to their Diorama two new pictures, the one representing the ever-memorable Battle of Inkermann, and the other the great storm that occurred in the Black Sea on the 14th Nov. Both pictures are executed in the most masterly style. It is scarcely possible to give a more vivid idea of the battle field than is conveyed by the one, and all the horrors of a storm are fearfully depicted in the other. They form an important addition to the Diorama, and have already proved highly attractive. The number of visitors continue to increase, which, considering that the Royal Gallery of Illustration is in its way surpassed by no exhibition in the metropolis, is by no means surprising. Allcroft's concert at the Lyceum Theatre, a short time since, THE FRENCH CHANTEURS MONTAGNARDS, who appeared at Mr. will officiate on Tuesday next, during service, at Cadogan Chapel, and sing several pieces of sacred music, by French, Italian, and German composers, in aid of the collection to be made on that day for the poor of the parish of Chelsea. It will be remembered that these mountainous singers were heard on one or two occasions at M. Jullien's concerts in Covent Garden. They have, we hear, been recently engaged by Mr. Simpson for his attractive

little Marionette Theatre.

It is not because the music is "too attractive" that the managers entertain the idea of getting rid of it, but because it is not attractive enough. No idea of "economy" has entered their heads. Of one thing we are convinced, that some of the highest authorities are bent upon having music appropriately represented in the Crystal Palace-by what means it is for themselves to discuss and determine. They may rely upon our counsel and assistance in the matter. Music is as great an art as any of those represented in the Universal Emporium of Art and Science at Sydenham; and there is no reason whatever that it should be brought forward only in such a manner as would befit a mere frivolous, empty relaxation. Depend upon it (and our legislators will find it out before long), music is more than a tinkling cymbal," and that Bach and Haydn, Beethoven and Mozart, Händel and Mendelssohn, have not spoken to the world merely to "tickle the ears of the groundlings." Their genius was a gift from above, their mission a divine one-to civilise and refine, as well as to delight and astonish their fellow-private theatre, in Berwick-street; at Catherine-street; the Lyceum;

creatures.

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THE LATE MR. THOMAS LUCOMBE.-This gentleman, who died at his residence, 27, Tavistock-place, Russell-square, on the 12th inst., in the 69th year of his age, is, from the struggles he made through a long, varied, and useful life, highly deserving a passing notice in a newspaper. Mr. Lucombe had been by turns in the wheel of Fortune, a clothier's clerk, an amateur actor in low comedy, for which (having an irresistibly merry countenance) Nature appeared to have originally designed him, a librarian at Brighton, hotel-keeper there, and, finally, an active and intelligent agent at the distillery of Messrs. Pigeon and Co. In early days Mr. Lucombe exhibited his comic powers at Daley's Pym's, Gray's Inn-lane; and the Haymarket, for charitable purposes, and, finally, at Brighton, with the same views. Though, as a man and an actor he had found many friends and admirers, he never could FRENCH PLAYS.-A correspondent of the Messager des adopt the stage as a profession; but nothing cheered him more than to Théâtres et des Arts says "Mr. Mitchell is in Paris making see crowded houses when the appeal was made for worthy objects. Mr. Lucombe has left a widow and two daughters. Both the lastarrangements with artists for his theatre in London, which is to open with French plays at Easter. The intention of this skilful mentioned, at an early period, manifested such indications of musical manager-whom it is impossible to praise too much-is to pro-vation. Italy was chosen for Miss Lucombe's future school; accompanied talent, as induced Mr. Lucombe to spare no pains or expense in its cultiduce in succession, at his elegant theatre in St. James's, all the by Mrs. Hunt, a vocal professor and attached friend, her studies were most popular new pieces of the Parisian theatres. He could for years prosecuted with diligence. The result confirmed Mr. Luhardly please his subscribers more than by following out such a combe's judgment; and his daughters, Mrs. Sims Reeves and Miss plan. But this is not all. It is said that, on her return from Lucombe-the former of whom has risen to the highest rank in her Naples, Mdlle. Rachel will once more visit London, and will profession-have proved fully worthy of their father's anxious care and play at Mr. Mitchell's theatre for a month, previous to her solicitude. departure for America to fulfil her unprecedented engagement with Mr. Barnum."

ST. PAUL, COVENT-GARDEN.-The organist of this church, Mr. Kell, who, through the support of the parishioners, has been three times elected to the office, notwithstanding the opposition of the parish officials, was last week officially informed that at the nomination of the officers of the church for the ensuing year he would again be opposed. Mr. Kell, although blind, is a gentleman of ability, if his testimonials may be credited. It is therefore hoped that those who supported him on previous elections will again exert themselves in his behalf.

MORNING CONCERTS.-About the year 1750, morning concerts were established by Mr. Lacy, one of the patentees of Drury Lane Theatre, but, on account of the performances unseasonably attracting the young merchants and shopkeepers, the time was altered to evening. A Mr. Festing was the leader, and Messrs. Keeble and Butler the organists. Originally oratorio choruses were the chief pieces performed; but the example set by Vauxhall of solo singing, was too attractive not to be followed. Beard, Frasi, and other favourite singers were accordingly engaged, as well as Caporale, the violoncellist, and Miller, a celebrated bassoon player.

DRURY LANE.

ance of Monday night might have passed muster. The numbers and power of the band, the occasional spirit of the chorus, the admirably arranged mise-en-scène, and the splendour, variety, and picturesqueness of the costumes, must have gone far to blind the eyes of the multitude to the musical imperfections. For our own part-and we say it with regret—the representation of L'Etoile du Nord was an insult to the greatest living and working dramatic composer. The operas of Meyerbeer, as every body knows, are more intricate and difficult than those of any one else; but, as everybody does not know, L'Etoile du Nord is more intricate and difficult than any other opera of Meyerbeer. Mr. Smith, having no musical knowledge, and being probably his own chief counsellor, was not aware of the enormous difficulties presented in the score. So little thought, indeed, did he bestow upon the music, that he considered three full-band rehearsals sufficient to insure a correct and effective performance. Had the rehearsals been three-and-twenty, instead of three, we have no doubt there would have been less to find fault with; still, we have no hesitation in saying, that, with the present orchestral and choral force of Drury Lane, and with the present leading vocalists, an efficient execution of L'Etoile du Nord was not to be expected, under any circumstances.

Mr. Henri Drayton, among the artists, was entitled to most praise. His voice is not superior in quality, nor are his accomplishments as an actor of the highest order; but the artistic germ is within him, and he displays great feeling and purpose. Mr. Henri Drayton, on one or two occasions, produced a decided impression on the audience. Had all the singers done so much, our praise of the general performance would not have been so stinted. Mdlle. Jenny Baur has a strong ringing soprano voice, more powerful than sweet, and of great compass. She occasionally gave effect to the music; but either nervousness, or not having studied her part with sufficient care, rendered her perand exhibits ease and even grace on the stage. Mrs. Henri Drayton did her utmost with the music of the second lady, Prescovia, which is very arduous, and not suited to her voice. Of the other principals we have nothing to say.

THE lessee of Drury Lane Theatre, in the production of Meyerbeer's L'Etoile du Nord, has at last brought out a piece which has challenged criticism. Since the first night of the pantomime, new plays, comedies, melodramas, and farces, by known and unknown hands, have been presented to the public; but none of the papers noticed them. In fact, they enjoyed no previous announcement, and the manager seemed to rely but little on their success. A very different course of proceeding was followed with regard to L'Etoile du Nord. For weeks before hand it was advertised in all the metropolitan journals, and a pledge was given that the production should be worthy of the opera-a pledge, the full force of which does not appear to have been thoroughly understood. Mr. Smith, like others before him, looked upon the scenery and decorations as the first consideration, regarding the music as a mere adjunct or auxiliary. With this view, he went to work eagerly and zealously; had dresses made and scenes painted, regardless of expense: provided three military bands (there were only two visible on Monday night), and a mise-en-scène of great splendour and completeness. This was his view, which we must view in its proper light. His next step was to get leave to perform the music. How he did this has not been explained-if, indeed, he did it at all. The manager of Drury Lane Theatre seems too "wide awake" to run his head into a legal noose in the teeth of international copyright law; we are, therefore, inclined to believe that he has taken something else besides "French leave," in the production of L'Etoile du Nord at Drury Lane. Mr. Smith did not regard the music in Meyerbeer's opera as superfluous. He engaged Mr. Tully, an experienced hand, to conduct the performance; gave him a carte blanche-with due limitations to select a band and chorus (regardful of expense); and held a council as to the principal vocalists. Mr. Tully at once sifted the orchestral force, and more than doubled its numerical strength. He engaged several first-rate artists for some of the de-formance unsatisfactory. Mdlle. Jenny Baur is good-looking, partments, and altogether made up an imposing array of instrumentalists, which, with more strings, might have been an efficient band. Mr. Tully would have still further improved his cohort, but that M. Jullien had taken with him into the provinces so many of the principal executants who would have been available. The chorus was selected with care; but, unfortunately, they were taken from many different sources, and required more rehearsals to ensure a good ensemble. These rehearsals they did not get, and Meyerbeer's complex and elaborate music suffered in consequence. The principal singers was the great rock a-head; and here both Mr. Smith and Mr. Tully were for a long time non-plussed. The main difficulty was the Prima donna. At last Mdlie. Jenny Baur presented herself-a German, accounted to have a "foreign reputation." Furthermore, she had sung at the Re-union des Arts. Moreover, she spoke English like a native. These were all "considerations moving towards an issue," and the result was, that Mdlle. Jenny Baur was engaged to play Catherine, the heroine. Mr. Henri Drayton was recommended to both manager and conductor, for the character of Peter the Great, by the boldness and vigour of his style, and his manly deportment; and a second lady, for Prascovia, was supplied in the person of Mrs. Henri Drayton, his cara sposa. But the great difficulty was to procure four tenors, which the cast imperatively demands. Now tenors are not scarce in London; but as tenors in the metropolis would perhaps want all to play "primos," the proper persons were not to be found. At last, by looking up the theatres and concertrooms of Manchester and Liverpool, two tenors were produced, rejoicing in the names of Bowler and Beal; and Mr. Miranda, a very promising pupil of Mr. Howard Glover, was obtained at home; and Mr. Thomas Williams, an artist not altogether unknown in the London concert rooms (brother of the once Misses Williams!) These, however, were hardly the artists to do justice to Meyerbeer's masterpiece. To conclude, the two vivandières, who sing the charming duo-couplets in the tent scene of the second act, were unknown altogether to fame and quite incompetent, as it turned out.

So much for generalities. With many, who listened without attention, and who had not heard the opera in Paris, the perform

Mr. Miranda obtained the only encore of the evening (except the overture) in the war-song of Ismailoff, the Tartar. The song is highly dramatic, and was rendered with a point and energy that promise well for the young tenor. Mr. Miranda's voice is of charming quality, and his singing shows that his training has been entrusted to proper hands.

The plot has been already described at length in Vol. 32, Number 9, to which we refer our readers. Of the music we shall defer entering into any particulars until a more favourable opportunity presents itself. The performance of Monday night, it is but justice to say, was received by a crowded house with every indication of success. The overture was enthusiastically encored-mainly, however, owing to the extraordinary circumstance of placing the brass-band, which the composer stations behind the stage-curtain, in a front box, defended by a gauze the end of each act, (Mr. Drayton twice after the second), and screen. Mr. Henri Drayton and Mdlle. Baur were recalled at Mr. Smith was forced to appear in obedience to a vociferous summons at the end of the great camp scene, which presented a really magnificent tableau.

L'Etoile du Nord has been repeated every night during the week.

MUSIC OF THE TARTARS.-The songs of the Tartar, generally in blank verse, are very poetical, highly expressive, and are sung to suitable melodies. Their instrumental music is mostly martial. they denominate a koba. It is a kind of violin, open at the top, The Tartars have an instrument peculiar to themselves, which in shape somewhat resembling a boat, it has two hair strings which are swept by a bow, and the notes stopped as in a violin.

AIX-LA-CHAPELLE.-The third of the series of the so-called Winter Concerts went off with éclat. The first part consisted of Mendelssohn's overture to Schöne Melusine, a concerto for the clarinet by Mozart, and one of Haydn's symphonies in E flat, known by the addition "mit dem Paukenschlag."

DRAMATIC.

latter representing Foreign Grand Lodges), Rev. Dr. Arnot, HAYMARKET.-On Monday evening a new company of the Grand Chaplain, J. L. Woodman, Grand Clerk, &c. &c.; with Spanish dancers, with Senora, Perea Nena again the première deputations from most of the sister lodges in Edinburgh, danseuse, appeared at this theatre in two novel divertissements. Glasgow, and adjacent towns. Dr. Arnot, Grand Chaplain, proThe success of the Spanish dancers has been almost unprece-nounced an éloge on the deceased nobleman. Brother J. C. dented. The main part of the attraction is, of course, to be laid Kiesser presided at the organ, and airs from Händel, Mozart, to the Senora Perea Nena, who, in her way, is incomparable, and etc., were sung by Brothers Herren Formes, Reichardt, Hubert appears to have taken the audiences of the Haymarket "by Formes, Signor Gregorio, etc., by permission of Brother Wood, storm." The theatre is crowded nightly; the attention marked, who gave their gratuitous services the proceeds being devoted and the applause incessant when Senora Perea dances; while to the Scottish Masonic Benevolent Fund. The "Dead March" nobody seems to think of leaving until the last fall of the green in Saul and a Hymn by Haydn were performed by an instrucurtain shuts out the last twinkle of her very small and voluble mental band under the leadership of Brother A. Mackenzie. feet. There is, indeed, something singularly alluring in the This is the only ceremony of the kind which has been celebrated Spanish national figures, when danced to such perfection, and by the Grand Lodge of Scotland since the death of the Duke of with so much artlessness and grace, as by Perea Nena. It is Sussex in 1843.-Edinburgh Courant, Feb. 27th. strange that the Spanish and French dances-to speak in astronomical phrase-should be "inversely" as the temperaments of the national character. The Spanish character is grave and solemn; the Spanish dance is light, quick, and bustling. The French character is hilarious and volatile; the national dances (except the galop), slow, calm, and measured. We leave to more learned casuists and wiser philosophers than ourselves to discover the cause. The Spanish dancers appear every night with undiminished effect. The new company is a decided improvement on the first; but Senora Perea Nena is, as before, the centre of all attraction-the cynosure of all eyes. An extraordinary hit has been made by a kind of grotesque pas de deux of two Gallician peasants, who, at first shy, are encouraged by the other rustics to approach each other, until their bashfulness melts away, they court closely (s'échauffent de près), and dance out their passion in a delirium of the wildest ecstacy. This pas de deux, as humourous, piquant, and natural as it is thoroughly original, is mimed and "footed" to admiration by Senora Perea Nena and her companion-Senor Marcos Diaz (we believe), who has a capital physiognomy and "great expression of eye." The audience became almost as enthusiastic as the dancers, and the pas is encored, with acclamations, every night. Upon this display of admirable skill the curtain falls. We congratulate Mr. Buckstone on his renewed success-which, we trust, may benefit his treasury as it did before.

DRAMATIC GOSSIP.-Her Majesty and Prince Albert attended the performance at the Haymarket on Tuesday evening. The Lyceum theatre is announced to be let from Easter to Michaelmas.-Mr. Thackeray's two act comedy, to the production of which all the literary as well as the dramatic world of London were looking forward with so much interest, has been withdrawn from the Olympic. There was an excellent part for Mr. Robson in it (we are informed), which makes the withdrawal the more to be regretted. The reason of this unexpected dénouement is only known to Mr. Wigan, the manager, and the celebrated novelist himself.

PROVINCIAL.

HULL. The concerts given by the Hull Vocal Society, who, with the exception of their conductor, Mr. Skelton, are all amateurs, have become highly popular. The number of members is limited to 200, and there are always some 40 applications on the books. The finest glees and madrigals (sung without accompaniment), and in full choir, interspersed with choruses, four-part songs, and solo glees, etc., and the care taken at rehearsals, combined with the fine voices of the singers, is the secret of their popularity. At the last concert, Cooke's five-voiced glee, for solo and chorus, "Shades of the heroes," and "Hohenlinden," were all well sung. Bishop's chorus, "On our king's natal day," was also given with spirit, and the solos were effective. A testimonial has been presented to Mr. Skelton, in the shape of a handsome timepiece, consisting of a clock under a glass shade, standing upon a fluted column, on the basement of which is the following inscription :-" Presented to G. J. Skelton, Esq., by the superintendents and teachers of the various Sunday-schools in Hull, as a memorial of their gratitude for his valuable and disinterested services as conductor of the united choir of 12,000 children, on the occasion of her Majesty's visit to Hull, October 14, 1854." This is, we understand, the result of a voluntary subscription on the part of the different schools, in small sums, and in no case exceeding half-a-crown.

The Vocal Society's Patriotic Fund Concert took place in the Music-hall, Jarratt-street. A military trophy was erected in front of the organ. Cannons, guns, bayonets, swords, drums, and other warlike articles, were variously disposed; from the centre rose a pillar, with the words "Alma," "Balaklava," "Inkermann," upon it, and surmounted by a bust of Her Majesty the Queen; whilst the national flags of the allied powers, with evergreen wreaths, and topped by a crescent, formed the back. On either side fires were raised upon pillars surrounded with arms. A line of soldiers, extending from the trophy to the front of the orchestra, with some Royal Navy sailors amongst them, were placed at each side, behind the singers. The programme presented a good selection of appropriate pieces, which were executed in a creditable manner. Mr. G. J. Skelton officiated as conductor. The concert was repeated on the Monday evening following. The Hull Subscription Musical Society gave its first public per

CHELTENHAM.-Mdme. Montignani's concert at the Assembly Rooms on Tuesday evening was attended by a full and fashion-formance in the same hall. There was a good programme of able audience. The vocalists were Signor and Mdme. F. La- vocal and instrumental music. Mr. H. Deval, R.A. Music, officiThe principal blache, and Miss Stabbach, and the instrumentalists, Mad. Mon- ated as conductor, and Mr. J. B. Acey as leader. tignani and Mr. Blagrove. Mad. Montignani, a charming and vocalists were Miss H. Newman, Mr. J. E. Perring, and Mr. J. talented virtuoso, played her pianoforte pieces with excellent Morrow, all of whom were repeatedly encored, as were also Mr. effect. Mr. Blagrove performed two solos on the concertina, W. W. Wilson in a solo, and Mr. W. Peach in a ballad. The and Miss Stabbach, who made her first appearance at Chelten- choruses were effective, and the concert passed off in a satisfactory ham, created a favourable impression, especially in the ballad of "Kathleen Mavourneen."

EDINBURGH.-A Grand Funeral Masonic lodge was held in Queen Street Hall, on Saturday evening, in memory of Lord Frederick Fitzclarence, Past Grand Master Mason of Scotland. G. J. Whyte Melville, Esq., of Melville (in the absence of the Duke of Atholl, Grand Master Mason of Scotland,) presided. Lord Loughborough and Dr. M'Cowan officiated as the senior and junior Grand Wardens. There were upwards of 300 brethren present, comprising Major Nasmyth, the hero of Silistria, Brothers Wm. Hunt of Pittencrieff, J. F. Oswald of Dunnikier, Samuel Somerville, Adolphus Robinow (the two

manner.

GRAVESEND.-An Evening Concert took place on Wednesday the 14th ult., at the Assembly Rooms. The Distin Family, Miss McAlpine, Miss Margaret McAlpine, Miss M. Wells, Mr. Theodore Distin, and Mr. Montem Smith, were the artists. The concert gave satisfaction to the audience, which was numerous, and included the Mayor and some of the best families of the neighbourhood. There were no less than six encores:-viz., Miss Juliana McAlpine, in "The Queen's Letter," and in a Scotch duet with her sister-Miss M. Wells, in a Scotch ballad, "Bonnie Dundee," and, in conjunction with Messrs. Distin, in an old glee, by Ford-Miss Margaret McAlpine in the Brindisi,

from Lucrezia Borgia, and Mr. Theodore Distin, in a scena from the Sonnambula. The Messrs. Distin pleased very much by their performances on the Sax-horns; and the concert ended with "God save the Queen," in which all the artists joined. MANCHESTER.-The usual monthly meeting of the Ardwick Gentlemen's Glee Club was held on the evening of Wednesday, the 21st ult., at the Club-room of the George and Dragon Inn, Ardwick-green.-Madame de Szczepanowska's first Subscription Concert was given at the Town Hall, Chorlton-upon-Medlock, on Monday evening last. The lady, who is a well-known pianist in Manchester and its vicinity, was supported by M. de Szczepanowska, the violoncellist, Mr. Seymour, the violinist, and Miss Armstrong and Mrs. Brooke as vocalists.

LIVERPOOL.-Mr. Thomas has instituted a series of Saturday Morning Concerts in the Philharmonic Hall, to commence at two o'clock, and to which the price of admission is but a shilling. These entertainments much resemble the "Evening Shilling Concerts "so popular in the same hall; and Saturday's concert (the first), in spite of the weather, attracted a numerous audience. We had two overtures, Boieldieu's La Dame Blanche, and La Sirène; a waltz by Lanner; the andante from one of Spohr's double quartetts; a galop by Tolbecque; a polka by Montagne; and a set of quadrilles, by La Motte. There were also three instrumental solo performances, by Mr. E. W. Thomas, violin; Mr. Sorge, clarinet; and Mr. Streather, all very good, the latter being encored, an honour which the other two artists would have received but for the length of their compositions. The vocalist was Mrs. Streather, who sang an English ballad, by Benedict, and "Robert, toi que j'aime."

M. Jullien gives a Mozart Night" at the Philharmonic Hall on Monday, when Madame Pleyel, Herr Ernst, and Miss Dolby will appear, in addition to the usual attractions offered by the great maestro.

A REVIEW OF THE HISTORY OF MUSIC BEFORE MOZART. (Continued from page 116.)

In art only those theories are useful which spring out of practice; this everybody knows, and for this reason the good works of this kind always appear in epochs, when the art, whose principles they expound, has just completed a whole cycle in the epochs of maturity or even of decay. Musical Art alone had the remarkable misfortune that the theorists arose before the composers, and that music was taught before it was at all understood. The consequence was inevitable. From Hucbald to Palestrina, and from Palestrina to Mozart, there was no advance, no improvement, no conquest of science and of genius-in a word, no truth, which theory had not unconditionally condemned, and which criticism had not made it a duty to itself to combat. Prescriptions, founded on the knowledge of the little that there was, but not on the presentiment of that which might or should be, were reduced to general rules, which were either entirely false, or only right in a very When a man of genius ventured to break through this confining codex, they fell upon him on all sides; but when the innovation became general, through the ear and custom, and passed into a rule, then theory, sighing, pushed her Hercules' pillars somewhat farther back, until she was driven from there likewise by a new discovery. In this way the theorists, the men of resistance, saw themselves continually disturbed in their majestic repose, behind which they would fain have entrenched themselves, by the composers, the men of progress; and the constitutions, which they had thought to impose in sæcula sæculorum, upon music, gradually tumbling down, because they were built upon the perishable foundations of à priori doctrines and dogmatical empiricisms. Justice constrains me to

few cases.

admit, that theory paid composition back with interest for all the evil which the latter had inflicted on her. Long were her chains worn without an attempt to shake them off; and if at last some ring was broken, she was instantly at hand to repair the damage, and out of her very disaster forge the material for a new yoke; so that, although continually overtaken and subdued, she always understood the way to hold back and to paralyze the movement that was bearing her along.

So was it, and so will it be till musical art is made complete in all its elements. Only after perfect master-works can there be rational theories. At this day-now that music is definitively established in all its parts-the last and greatest reform finds no longer any adversaries; and for half-a-century there has been nothing new to discover in respect to chords and modulations. We may now at last expect a good and more logical grammar than exists in any living language, and which the author will do better to write in twenty pages than in fifty volumes, if he would leave nothing out. In the meanwhile, examples, which the ear calls good, have become so multiplied, and rules have been so far stretched, that every conceivable boldness in composition is justified, in one way or another, by our still very vague principles of harmony. One might now sound the seven notes of the scale, nay, all the notes in an accord at once, without violating the rules. There is no longer anything absolute; and while the old theorists submitted to innumerable general observances and general prohibitions, the theorists of our time would sink under the burthen of exceptions, if they had to look out for them and mind them all. Mozart has hurled Theory from her throne. He said, "I am Theory !" and he took her place, and she took his. The theorists now seek the solution of difficult or doubtful problems* in the examples of the great masters, since a strictly scientific, or rational system of harmony is wanting. This, perhaps, will one day be discovered, and seems not undiscoverable in an art, which, in its basis and its elements, borders so closely on the abstract sciences. Till then, the musician's ear must remain the highest, though a far from perfect, law, by, which to decide what is to be rejected, and what admitted into composition.

We reckon about four centuries from Hucbald to the earliest known contrapuntal work, for the discovery and elegant publication of which, for the first time, the learned world is indebted to Messrs. Fétis, Kalkbrenner, and Kieseweller. These four centuries were the scholastic or dogmatic period of art, in which theory was all, and practice (for this very reason) nothing, or less than nothing. Men wished to speak the speech of music; they wished to write it, and yet its words were not yet found; they wished to make grammars, and yet all the The most famous elements of the language were wanting. scholars asked antiquity; and antiquity, so wonderful in its works of architecture and sculpture, in its prose and poetryantiquity, in which lay the elements for the revival of philosophy, literature and painting, became for music the source of the greatest barbarism. Men without names ventured on the path of experiment, and discovered much that was true and useful. They had to bring the old rubbish into harmony with nature, the inextricable points of archæology with universal feeling, the ear with Boethius, the classical doctrines of the organum with the romantic doctrine of the third and sixth. Many men in the middle ages exhausted themselves in attempts to bring about this unnatural union, which was finally realized in the course of the fourteenth century in the following manner. I give here a fragment of a Gloria, taken from a mass, which Master Machault composed in the year of grace 1364, for the anointing and coronation of Charles V., King of France.

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R. ALFRED MELLON respectfully announces that a

MR.

series of Grand Orchestral Union Concerts under his direction will take place during the season at St. Martin's-hall. The first on Monday evening, April 2nd, 1855. Subscribers' names received by Messrs. Cramer and Beale, 201, Regent-street.

ASSISTANT WANTED in an old established Music

Warehouse in the West of England.-A young man, accustomed to the music business, well acquainted with the London Catalogue, and competent to the necessary book-keeping.—Address, with reference, to A. B., care of Messrs. Addison and Co., Regent-street.

THE

VILLAGE BLACKSMITH.-The words by LONGFELLOW. The music composed and sung by W. H. WEISS. Messrs, Cramer, Beale, and Co., 201, Regent-street; and Messrs, Addison and Hollier. 210, Regent-street.

GOTHIC HARPS, Double-action, with every improve

ment on Erard's principle, warranted for any period, from 30 Guineas. H. Haarnack, Harp Maker, 35, Berners-street, Oxford-street. Harps repaired, redecorated, strung, and regulated at moderate prices. N.B.-32 years experience in Harps.

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SLOWL

LOWLY AND SOFTLY MUSIC SHOULD FLOW, and by J. E. Carpenter, composed by Stephen Glover. Will be found equal to the most TWO MERRY ALPINE MAIDS, two new and most effective duets, the words popular compositions of these celebrated writers. Price 2s. 6d. each, postage free. London, Brewer & Co., 23, Bishopsgate-street within.

Master Guillaume Machault, poet and musician, was a perfect eclectic, an artist impartial and complaisant towards every one, as one may see from this example, in which the old organum of Hucbald in octaves, fifths, and fourths, reaches the hand of brotherhood to the improvements which John de Muris had taught in the composer's country thirty years before Machault had derived due profit therefrom! The example is worthy of remark, because it proves that the musicians of that time, although they wrote in four parts, yet possessed no correct knowledge of harmony. THE

GOL

OLLMICK'S CHANSON À BOIRE." Lively and original, full of true Bacchanal spirit, yet free from coarseness and common place."-Liverpool Mail. Price 3s. Also by Herr Gollmick, Europa," Galop de Concert. Second edition. Price, 2s. Boosey and Sons, 28, Holles-street. BEST COLLECTION OF PSALMODY.

four hormony by means of chords. They scarcely had a pre-T Price 45, in a pocket vol. (cloth, gilt edges). The companion to the Psalm

sentiment of that. We here discern indeed some trichords,
but only as a necessary consequence of putting together
two intervals; only as a fruitless accident, and not as
a fundamental law. Notes were brought together in con-
sonances and dissonances, without making either to depend
on the harmonic totality to which they should all contribute.
(To be continued.)

ST. MARTIN'S HALL-A soirée was given on Saturday evening, in aid of the funds of the Warehousemen and Clerks' Schools for orphan and indigent children. The hall was very well attended, and the galleries were ornamented with the banners of France and England. The audience was addressed during the evening by Mr. Cruikshank, Dr. Archer, and Father Gavazzi, whose views with regard to the excellent tendencies of the charity, when combined with religious education, were identical. Mr. Cruikshank was very active as the president of the evening, and during the musical portion of the entertainment officiated as "Master of the Ceremonies," introducing the artists by name to the audience, as he led them to the orchestra. The vocalists were Madame Weiss, the Misses Ransford, Eyles, Palmer, and Poole; Messrs. Weiss, Rogers, Ransford, Donald King, and Lawler. Mr. G. Lake accompanied the vocal music; and Miss Coles played two fantasias on the pianoforte. Among the pieces encored, were Shield's "Thorn," by Mr. Rogers, and Mr. Weiss's ballad of the "Village Blacksmith," sung in energetic style by the composer. The Crystal Palace Band, under the direction of M. Schallehn, played selections of operatic music at intervals, and the evening's amusement gave evident pleasure to all who were present. It is satisfactory to have heard from Mr. Cruikshank, that although the institution has only been about fifteen months before the public, a sum of £10,000 has been subscribed, £8,000 of which has already been received.

and Hymn Book, by GEORGE FORBES, Containing fifty-six standard and original psalm tunes, and thirty-five single and double chants, with accompaniment of the organ and pianoforte. The selection of words by the Rev. W. J. HALL. Boosey and Sons, 28, Holles-street.

[R. WM. STERNDALE BENNETT respectfully

MR.

of

announces that his ANNUAL SERIES of PERFORMANCES CLASSICAL PIANOFORTE MUSIC will take place at the Hanover-square Rooms, on Tuesday evenings, March 13, April 3, and May 1. Subscription, one guinea. Applications to Messrs. Leader and Cock, 63, New Bond-street.

BEETHOVEN'S ADIEU-One of the last and most
words by Sir Francis Knowles, price 2s. 6d.—Boosey and Sons, 28, Holles-street.
ULGARIAN POLKA, composed by G. MONTAGNE,
BULG
and splendidly illustrated by BRANDARD. The best polka produced this
season, price for piano, 2s. 6d. ; Septett, 3s. 6d.; Full Band, 58. Boosey and Sons,
28, Holles-street.

compositions of this great composer, for piano 2s. As a song, the

4. MONTAGNE, and dedicated to the Queen. Illustrated by BRANDARD. The TARS OF THE WEST WALTZES, composed by best and most popular set of the day. Price, for piano, 4s.; Septett, 3s. 6d. ; Full Band, 5s.-Boosey and Sons, 28. Holles-street.

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ES ETOILES FILANTES, Caprice pour le Piano, composed by A. QUIDANT, price 3s.-"Les Etoiles Filantes is an idea on the piano of the sensation one feels when gazing on a beautiful starlit sky, and ends with a very clever imitation of meteors or shooting stars. This caprice is highly Poetical, and the conclusion is very novel and effective."-Critic.-Boosey and Sons,

28, Holles-street.

[ADLLE. CLARA SCHUMANN (née Wieck), Pianiste, MA begs to announce that she will arrive in London on the 12th of April next, for a short period only. All applications to Messi's. Leader and Cock, 63, New Bond-street.

HAMBER ORGAN FOR SALE, having 3 rows of octave of pedals, 7 composition ditto for shifting the stops, 2 swell pedals-the whole of the organ enclosed in a general swell, with an elegant Spanish mahogany Price 250 guineas; original cost £700.-Cards to view, between the hours of case. 12 and 2, may be had on application to Mr. Melvin, house agent, 54, Southamptonrow, Russell-square.

CE keys, compass 54 octaves, great organ containing 7 stops, choir 4, swell 4,

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