Valjean, 150; real unity of the work, 152; Monk's massacre of the garrison of Dundee, 271. Morrison's (Dr.) Chinese translation of the Bible, 194. Plato's Dialogues by Dr. Whewell, 164; review ception of a higher astronomy, 182; two pro- Platonism (modern), 183; effect of neo-Platonie Poetry (English), effect of political and social cir Political power, between whom the struggle for, of, 286. institutions, two great opposite functions Politics and war, genius of, contrasted, 220. R. Railway (Great Western), plan of, 15; the mixed Rebellion of 1745, compared with the American civil war, 295. Repartees of a French Bishop, 148. Roberts (Rev. I. J.), the Chinese missionary, 267, Romanism rejected by the Hawaiians, as similar to ford,' 245. Shirley's (Rev. W. W.) 'Questions connected with the Chancellorship of Becket,' 56. Shoemaking-machines, failure of, 6. Slavery, its deteriorating influence on the white man, 299; its probable fate in the Confederacy, ib.; Slavery in Brazil and Turkey, ib. Slide-rest, importance of the invention, 5. Socrates, nature of the intellectual revolution accomplished by, 168. See 'Plato.' Southdown Sheep, 25, 26. Sophist, the ideal, 179. Sussex, its history in Saxon times, 21; characteristic features, 22; distinguished natives, 23; ecclesiological specimens, ib.; local historians, 24; Sussex mud, 24, 25; Baotian element, 25; Southdown sheep, 25, 26; distinctive Flora of geological divisions, 27; specimen of the vernacular, ib.; local nomenclature, 28; Cowdray House and Petworth, 29, 30; prevalence of Borough-English, 80; Goodward, 31; Chichester, ib.; three great Roman roads, 32; Bignor, ib.; Brighton, 36; Lewes Levels, 37; remarkable geology of Newhaven, 38; Seaford, 39; Sussex White Horse, 40; smuggling and owling. 41; herring season, 43; description of the battle of Hastings 43, 41. Success, Victor Hugo's eloquent anathema on, 149. Superstition, effect of Platonism on, 183. T. Tabu (or Taboo), the instrument of priestly and regal tyranny, 120, 121. Taeping Great Peace) Rebellion, nature and history of the movement, 263; origin of the rebellion, 265 career of Hung-siu-tsuen, 265, 266; Leang Afah's 'Good Words exhorting the Age,' 266; visions of Hung-siu tsuen, 266; Congregation of the Worshippers of God,' 267; Hung-siutsuen's study of the Scriptures under the Rev. I. J. Roberts, ib.; destruction of idols, ib. ; ecstatic fits of the God-worshippers,' 263; Hungsiu-tsuen's study of military tactics, 269; immediate cause of the outbreak, ib.; organisation of the insurgent army, ib.; Hung-siu-tsuen assumes the title of Tien-Wang (Heavenly King), ib.; religious doctrine proclaimed by the first Emperor of the Taeping dynasty, 270; Jesus, the Celestial Elder Brother,' ib.; taking of Nankin, ib.; 20,000 men, women, and children massacred, 270, 271; Tsing (Imperial) atrocities even greater, 271; destruction of Buddhist temples, 272; invitation to Mr. Roberts the Missionary, ib; present extent of the Taeping rule, 273; the trimetrical Classic, 274; social condition of the Taepings, 276; Mr. Roberts's unsuccessful mission to Nankin, 277; present condition of the Taeping capital, 278; the Taepings' encouragement of foreign commerce, ib.; threats to destroy the Tea-plant if opposed by the European powers, ib.; Lord Palmerston's policy, 279; respective prospects of the Tartars and Taepings, 279, 289; British assistance to the Imperial Government, 280. Tea-plant, Chinese threat to destroy the, 278. Tennent's (Sir E.) Tour in Belgium, 205. Thiers' account of Waterloo, 218; refutation of his Volunteers, numbers and cost of, 59; difference between the volunteers and those of 1588 and 1803, 61: General Geneau's sarcasm on the French National Guard, 64; connexion between volunteers and fortifications, 65; effect of the introduction of the rifle, ib; narrow view of the movement, 66; classification of the duties of volunteers, ib.; coast volunteers, 6; aid of the volunteers in case of invasion, 72; must be prepared to remain in the field, 72, 73; garrison duty performed by Melbourne volunteers, 74; training in camp advantageous, ib.; review on White Hawk Down, ib.; principal mistake of the day not made by a volunteer, 75; qualification of a volunteer officer, ib.; question of Government aid examined, 17. W. Walpole's Memoirs, Whiggism of 189. Waterloo, the battle described by Thiers and Victor Hugo, 217; mentioned the year before by Wellington as the probable scene of a decisive battle, 219; Munchausen incidents described by French historians; 222; the commencement of the battle, 226; Victor Hugo's description of the French squadrons, 226, 227; Napoleon's account of the battle in the Moniteur,' 230; mensonge of the approach of Grouchy, 231; charge of the Imperial Guard, 231, 232; their defeat, 232, 233; Napoleon's ignoble disappearance, 233; the cause of the French hopeless from the first, 234. utile THE LONDON QUARTERLY REVIEW. No. CCXXIII. FOR JULY, 1862. mineral resources. * ART. I. Memoirs of Sir Marc Isambard | The religious persecutions in Belgium and Brunel, Civil Engineer, Vice-President of France not only banished from those counthe Royal Society, Corresponding Member tries free Protestant thought, but at the of the Institute of France, &c. &c. By same time expelled the best industrial skill, Richard Beamish, F.R.S. London, 1862. and England eventually obtained the benefit of both. Those successive additions to our THE industry of England owes much to population of men of independent convicthe foreigners who have from time to time tions, trained in the arts of peace, served become settled and naturalised amongst us. to enrich our blood and to elevate and Dr. Percy has stated in his Metallurgy' strengthen our national character. Thus it that we are indebted to German miners, in- has happened that the love of political and troduced into England by the wisdom of religious liberty which we have cherished as Elizabeth, for the early development of our a people, and the asylum which we have in It also appears that the all times provided for free-minded men of Dutch were our principal instructors in civil other lands, have contributed in no small and mechanical engineering; draining ex- degree to the development of that extratensive marsh and fen lands along the east ordinary industrial energy which so procoast in the reign of James I., and erecting minently characterises the England of the for us pumping-engines and mill-machinery present day. Our mechanical proficiency, of various kinds. Many of the Flemings, however, has been a comparatively recent driven from their own country by the perse- growth. Like many others of our national cutions of the Duke of Alva, sought and qualities, it has come out suddenly and unfound an asylum in England, bringing with expectedly. But, though late learners, we them their skill in dyeing, cloth-working, have been so apt that we have already outand horticulture; while the thousands of stripped our teachers; and there is scarcely French artizans who flocked into the king- a branch of manufacture in which we have dom on the revocation of the Edict of not come up to, if indeed we have not Nantes by Louis XIV. introduced the arts surpassed, the most advanced continental of manufacturing in glass, silk, velvet, lace, nations. and cambric, which have since become established branches of industry, giving employment to large numbers of our population. The invention of the steam-engine, towards the end of last century, had the effect of giving an extraordinary impetus to improvement, particularly in various branches of iron manufacture; and we began to export ma* 'Metallurgy,' by John Percy, M.D., F.R.S. London, 1861. In the first volume-all that has yet chines, engines, and ironwork to France, been published of this important work-Dr. Percy Germany and the Low Countries, whence gives a full and scientific account of metallurgical we had before imported them. Although processes generally, and of the application of these this great invention was perfected by Watt, to copper, zinc, and brass. Every page of it affords much of the preliminary investigation in proof of Dr. Percy's large experience, unwearied research, and scrupulous accuracy. The other metals, connection with the subject had been conhe tells us, are to be treated in a second volume. ducted by eminent French refugees: as by Desaugliers, the author of the well-known now before us, from which a very complete 'Course of Experimental Philosophy,' and idea may be formed of the illustrious enby Denis Papin, for some time Curator of gineer's life and labours. the Royal Society, whose many ingenious Marc Isambard Brunel was born on the applications of steam-power prove him to 25th of April, 1769, at the little village of have been a person of great and original Hacqueville, in Normandy. The place is ability. But the most remarkable of these situated among the vasty fields of France,' early inventors was unquestionably Thomas-in the midst of one of those bald, monoSavery also said to have been a French re-tonous plains of corn-land, with scarcely a fugee, though very little is known of him hedge or tree within sight, the frequent repersonally-who is entitled to the distinguished merit of having invented and constructed the first working steam-engine. All these men paved the way for Watt, who placed the copestone on the work of which the distinguished Frenchmen had in a great measure laid the foundations. petition of which makes one wonder how the country ever came to be called, even by its natives, la belle France.' Brunel's father was a respectable agriculturist, of narrow means but ancient family, holding the hereditary office of Maître des Postes of the district. And thus it happened that the Brunels naturally came to be royalists when the revolutionary period arrived, their inheritance being at stake. Many other men of eminence, descendants of the refugees, might be named, who have from time to time added greatly to our scientific and productive resources. Amongst Marc Isambard was the second of two names which incidentally occur to us are sons, and was early intended for the priest those of Dollond the optician, and Fourdrin-hood. When eight years old he was sent to ier the inventor of the paper-making ma- school at the College of Gisors, where be chine. Passing over these, we come to the received the first rudiments of learning. subject of the present article, the last of the But even at that early age the instinct of great Frenchmen whom England is proud construction was strong within him. He to claim as her sons by adoption, although was much fonder of the village carpenter's France may claim them by birth. Driven shop than of school; and coaxing, entreaty, from his own country by political revolu- and punishment alike failed in making a tion, Brunel took refuge first in America and subsequently in England. After the lapse of centuries, our island is still found offering a retreat to fugitives alike from imperial or democratic oppression; where they are free to speak, to write, to labour, and to invent in perfect security. hopeful scholar of him. His father tried solitary confinement, shutting him up in a room with some grim family portraits. The eyes of one of these seemed to follow the boy round the room, so that, unable to endure it longer, he set a table against the wall, mounted it, and cut the eyes out. All repression proved vain. The son's instinct was truer than the father's judgment. He continued to spend in the carpenter's shop the hours he could spare from his tasks and his school. He drew faces and plans, and learnt to handle tools, until his father was almost in despair. Many were the emigrés who flocked over to England at the outbreak of the great French Revolution of 1789, and who found temporary refuge from the troubles of their unhappy country, maintaining themselves by teaching, by the practice of art, and by other industrial pursuits. Of these, perhaps the most distinguished was Marc Isambard At eleven, young Brunel was sent to Brunel, who for the greater part of his life the ecclesiastical seminary of St. Nicaise at followed the profession of an engineer, leav-Rouen, his father still hoping to secure him ing behind him a son as illustrious as him- for the church. But the boy carried his self, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the en- strong love of mechanics with him. It is gineer of the Great Western and other said that, one day, seeing a new tool exhibitrailways, the designer of the Great Eastern ed in a cutler's window, he coveted it so steam-ship, and the architect of many important public works. -- much that he pawned his hat to possess it. One advantage which he derived from the It is said that there is in the true history school at St. Nicaise was the instruction in of every life, if it could be discovered, a drawing which he there obtained under a trace of the quality which is commonly call- competent master. In his play hours be ed romance. Nor was this element by any took delight in watching the ships along the means wanting in the life of the elder Bru- quay, and one day his curiosity was excited nel, especially in its earlier stages. Mr. by the sight of some large iron-castings just Beamish, his friend and pupil, has been at landed from an English ship. What were the pains to embody the events of Brunel's they? How had they been made? Where chequered career in the interesting narrative had they come from? His eager inquiries |