Crusader CastlesClarendon Press, 1988 - 154 oldal A new edition of the classic text on Crusader castles and their relation to the military architecture of the West, written by T. E. Lawrence (of Arabia) while still an undergraduate at Oxford in 1910. At the end of the nineteenth century, it was generally assumed that these castles were the prototype for the massive buildings erected in Northern France and England in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Lawrence opposed this view: unlike most earlier writers on the subject, he was already familiar with castles in England, Wales, France and Syria as a result of a series of expeditions made on bicycle or foot, culminating in 1909 in a three-and-a-half month walking tour of the Levant. Although his thesis was to guarantee him a first-class degree in Modern History, its impact on scholarship was slower to take effect. The typescript remained virtually unknown until 1936, a year after the author's death, when it appeared in a limited edition of the Golden Cockerel Press. Crusader Castles is now offered to a wider readership. The original text is reproduced without alteration; but a selection of the pencilled notes which Lawrence added to the typescript, in preparation for a revision that was never made, are included as footnotes, together with additional editorial notes and bibliographical details. Lawrence's work is also assessed in the light of seventy-five years of subsequent research, in an introduction prepared by Denys Pringle. |
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al-Akrād Aleppo Antioch Arab Archaeological architect Atlit Banias Baybars Belvoir building built buttresses Byzantine Byzantine Africa Carcassonne castle-building Château Gaillard chemin de ronde Chevaliers Qal'at Congrès archéol Coucy courtesy King's College Crac des Chevaliers Crusader Crusader castles curtain wall curtain-towers Damascus Defence of Byzantine Deschamps Dictionnaire raisonné Diehl ditch donjon earthworks East enceinte Enfeh entrance Étampes Europe Excavations feet Finò flanking floor fortification fortresses France Frankish gate gateway Greek Héliot Hembury HMSO Home Letters Hospitaller inner ward King's College later Latin Lawrence's Léhon London machicolations machicoulis Mamluk masonry medieval military architecture moat Müller-Wiener Muslim Niort Norman Castles outer wall Oxford Palestine Paris photograph portcullis Pringle probably Procopius Provins rebuilt rectangular towers rounded towers Rum Kalaat Safita Sahyun Saone shell-keep side square keep stone Syria T. E. Lawrence Templars Thesis thirteenth century town walls trans Tripoli twelfth century Viollet-le-Duc Visigothic West William of Tyre